Project on Introduction to River of India, its type, importance and uses

INTRODUCTION

A river is a natural watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, a lake, a sea, or another river. In a few cases, a river simply flows into the ground or dries up completely at the end of its course, and does not reach another body of water. Small rivers may be called by several other names, including stream, creek, brook, rivulet, and rill. There are no official definitions for generic terms, such as river, as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream may be defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England.

Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague.

Rivers are part of the hydrological cycle. Water generally collects in a river from precipitation through a

drainage basin from surface runoff and other sources such as groundwater recharge, springs, and the release of stored water in natural ice and snowpacks (e.g. from glaciers). Potamology is the scientific study of rivers while limnology is the study of inland waters in general.

No extraterrestrial rivers are currently known, though large flows of hydrocarbons described as rivers have recently been found on Titan. Channels may indicate past rivers on other planets, specifically outflow channels on Mars and are theorised to exist on planets and moons in habitable zones of stars.

Types of river in India

Himalayan River:   This type of river flows perennially from the Himalayas Higher ranges to the Ocean of Bay of Bengal or Indian Ocean. Some important Himalayas Rivers are Ganga, Brâhmaputra, Barâk, Tista, Mahânanda etc.

Peninsular River:    This type of Rivers is non-perennial and flows across on the plain land of India. Some major peninsular rivers of India are Godabâri, Krishna, Mahânadi and Kâveri. Usually these rivers flow from north to south across the plain land and finally meet to Bay of Bengal. Other hand the Narmada River is flowing to the Arabian Sea.

Costal River:   This type of river is also non-perennial and flow through the costal areas of Arabian and Bay of Bengal as for example the Tâpti, Pennar and Ajây river. Costal Rivers are small in size but it has a very important role in the agriculture system of India. Draining system of more than ten percent land area in India depends on costal rivers.

Inland drainage basin:   This type of rivers found in Rajasthân. Usually, these rivers of India are small in length and finally meet to Indian Ocean. Luni River is an example of drainage basin which runs across the Rann of Kachch, Gujarat.

            1. Perilium River :-         River that has water thoroughout the year is called perennial river. The ganga(Yamuna, Ram Ganga,Gomti,Chambal,bhagirati, alkanada and Ghaghara and others - tributaries), Indus( Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej are its tributaries) and Bramhaputra( Lohit River ,Burhidihing River ,Dihing River ,Manas River ,Sankosh ,Teesta River )

A river that flows continuously throughout the year is a perennial river.The rivers having their source in the Himalayas viz, Ganga Indus, Brahmaputra are perennials.

            2. Seasonal River:-     A river in arid areas (deserts and other very dry areas) that have water flowing in them only in the rainy season.

a seasonal river with its headwaters in the Vryburg area, also joins it. The river is characterised by highly intermittent runoff, but is regulated to optimise water usage. At Taung the Tswana referred to the Harts River as the Noka (meaning River) Kolong

Importance of River in India: -   

River is the alley of transportation and communication which is very important especially during the Neolithic Time in Malaysia. Mankind which survive around the corner had made the position nearby river as their homes because food resources and water resources can be found easily. There were still human beings lived in the cave to protect themselves from enemies and wild animals. A cave will exist through the broken of rocks at mountains and next to be a hole. It is maybe not much difference for them because mountains are lik

e a water tanker that gives water sources.

 Due to the effect of technology development, human had changed the surroundings of river to tourism center, hidroelectric generator, mineral quarried, and others. This may varied

 the functions of river and progress mankind's level undirectly. Outcome of tourism at river and nearby it has established new oppurtunities of occupation besides given advantages to kingdom by getting exchanges of foreign notes when foreign tourists visiting our country.

 Apart from these, the useful of hidroelectric generator enables to keep clean water sources to be used by Malaysians especially when the progress of occupants getting more obvious rather than having electric energy. Malaysia is predicted to has owned for about 60 dams for examples are Timah-Tasoh's dam in Perlis, Temenggor's dam in Perak, Batang Ai's dam in Sarawak, and Klang Gates' dam in Kuala Lumpur.

 Due to the discovery of Mother Nature, many mineral sources be found. Tin ore has became main mineral sources that attract colonialist such as British to conquer the Malay's land, due to the Revolution Industry happening at their country, made tin ore has a high require. It is also no bad with gold because this mineral can easily melted and shaped that made it very expensive besides have a great celebration especially among women.

 Apart from Malaysia, there are also countries that very required river such as Thailand and Canada. Thailand also reknown as 'Venice of East' due to have many canals for examples Me Wang, Me Nam, Me Ping, Me Yom and Menom Chao Phraya as long as 1290 km. Menom Chao Phraya in Bangkok becomes main river because many facilities built there such as transportation for visitors, floating things, alley to carrying wooden trees to factories and drifting markets which attract visitors. They also have some hidroelectric generators such as Bhumibol's dam, Sirikat's dam and Phitsanulok's dam.

 While Canada which located at the west of world, has the longest lake in the world with a distance as long 3760 kilometer. Water alley of St. Lawrence's big lake connecting to St. Lawrence's river with Ontario's lake to Erie's lake, Haron's lake, Michigan's lake and Superior's lake. Methods of transportation on water are carrying large quantity of things, connecting the Atlantic Ocean with large land, and the progress of of cities in Quebec, Montreal, Halifax, and St. John, hidroelectric generator, industrial sector and water sources. Unfortunately the alley around big lakes only functioning on May to November but this problem can be overcame by building canals and doors such as Welland's canal.

 As conclusion, river is can gives us many benefits to human that must be taken care of to ensure the advantages can continued by many generations in the future.

Uses of River :-

Rivers have been used as a source of water, for obtaining food, for transport, as a defensive measure, as a source of hydropower to drive machinery, for bathing, and as a means of disposing of waste.

Rivers have been used for navigation for thousands of years. The earliest evidence of navigation is found in the Indus Valley Civilization, which existed in northwestern Pakistan around 3300 BC. Riverine navigation provides a cheap means of transport, and is still used extensively on most major rivers of the world like the Amazon, the Ganges, the Nile, the Mississippi, and the Indus. Since river boats are often not regulated, they contribute a large amount to global greenhouse gas emissions, and to local cancer due to inhaling of particulates emitted by the transports.

In some heavily forested regions such as Scandinavia and Canada, lumberjacks use the river to float felled trees downstream to lumber camps for further processing, saving much effort and cost

by transporting the huge heavy logs by natural means.

Rivers have been a source of food since pre-history. They can provide a rich source of fish and other edible aquatic life, and are a major source of fresh water, which can be used for drinking and irrigation. It is therefore no surprise to find most of the major cities of the world situated on the banks of rivers. Rivers help to determine the urban form of cities and neighbourhoods and their corridors often present opportunities for urban renewal through the development of foreshoreways such as riverwalks. Rivers also provide an easy means of disposing of waste-water and, in much of the less developed world, other wastes.